Comparing Attentional Capture By Rare And Constant, Novel,...

Attentional Capture by Rare and Constant, Novel, Sudden Onset Stimuli Samuel Tong (450472150) ABSTRACT Novel and rare sudden onset stimuli are known to attract attention in different situations. Previously Yantis Jonides (1990) have shown novel sudden onsets capture attention mainly when attention is diffuse, and Neo Chua (2006) have shown rare sudden onsets capture attention so long as attention is not already pre-deployed to a stationary target. The current study aims to examine the interaction between rarity of a novel, sudden onset and attention pre-deployment by cues or stationary targets, and how this interaction affects the attentional capture of novel sudden onsets. In doing so, a better understanding of how these stimuli affect attentional processes may be established. Based upon the experimental findings, it is proposed that when a sudden onset stimulus is both rare and novel, the attentional capture processes when perceiving these stimuli are influenced by perceptual load and modes of attention. Implications of these findings are discussed further in the paper. Attentional Capture by Rare and Constant Novel Sudden Onset Stimuli Attentional capture is controlled by top down, goal orientated processes, or by bottom up, stimulus orientated processes (Wolfe, 1994, as cited by Emerson Kramer, 1997). Stimuli that appear suddenly, or sudden onset stimuli, are known to attract attention in a bottom-up fashion (Donderi, Zelnicker 1996, asShow MoreRelatedOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 Pagespoints out that there are important differences between OCD and other anxiety disorders, including possible differences in biochemistry, presence of greater functional impairment in OCD, and the increased complexity and vagueness of the fear-eliciting stimuli in OCD. Others suggest that OCD may share a common etiology with chronic (multiple) tic disorder and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (see review by O’Connor, 2001). It is also possible that the greater symptom variability and abstract nature of many

The Government Finance Officers Association - 1918 Words

The Government Finance Officers Association (GFOA) budget criteria framework covers 27 budgeting categories and was launched in 1984 to encourage the preparation of high quality budgets (Bland, 211). The following memo evaluates the budget of the City of Lake Oswego using GFOA’s Distinguished Budget Presentation Awards Criteria, and also compares it to the budget of the City of Detroit. The City of Lake Oswego is primarily a residential community outside of Portland with about 37,000 residents. The city is growing at a rate of .2% annually and has a median household income of about $84,000. The average unemployment rate is 5.4% (â€Å"City of Lake Oswego Demographics†). In contrast, the City of Detroit has a population of 685,000 residents,†¦show more content†¦Lake Oswego’s budget mentions its financial policies throughout its budget document, but it does not present information about financial policies in one place. For example, the Budget Process and Philosophy section states that â€Å"expenditures can never exceed available resources†, but it does not explain that Oregon law requires local budgets to balance their budgets (City of Lake Oswego, 3). The Michigan Budget Act similarly requires cities to adopt balanced budgets, but the Budget of Detroit does not mention this policy in its budget either. Neither Lake Oswego nor Detroit describe their budgeting process in their budgets, and neither document has a separate section that describes the city’s financial policies. Including a separate section on financial policy would make these budgets more transparent for the public. Lake Oswego provides a solid overview of its current economic indicators and financial trends (City of Lake Oswego, 13). It also describes unmet infrastructure needs and its plan to maintain assets instead of taking on new projects in its Budget Message (City of Lake Oswego, 1-2). However, while short-term trends are addressed, a more direct connection could be made between these trends and their specific impacts on the budget. Furthermore, the budget did not address the city’s

Marriage culture of Canada and India-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Marriage culture and example related to Canada and India. Answer: Introduction Marriage practices differ across different societies. Every culture bears their unique method of conducting marriage based on their customs and traditions (Ravelli Webber, 2014). The majority of the cultures more regularly reveal prevalent customs and practices, whilst a few have distinctive practices (Ravelli Webber, 2014). Marriage regards to sociable union which is agreed on by couples to unite as spouses. The union of the couples typically signifies sexual dealings, permanence in unification, and procreation (Ravelli Webber, 2014). This research would certainly give attention to this cultural practice and give examples which are associated to Canadian and Indian culture. There is certainly distinction which is present between the two cultures. The institution of marriage practice is treated differently in Canada and India. There are significant different which are observed (Ravelli Webber, 2014). In Canada the marriage practice are not so significant and partners are free to choose, follow a common or even choose even a combination of the practices (Watson, 2017). The Canadians have not regularly followed on their practices and traditions and in some cases they have employed other practices (maplediversity.ca). The Canadian tradition is not sturdy in relation to the institution of spousal relationship as it is in India (Ravelli Webber, 2014). The society absolutely does not deem the marriage institution; its relevance generally comes after career and financial matters (Ravelli Webber, 2014). This really is evident in the way the society sees marriage; they are secondary to financial matters and careers (offbeatmarriage.com). In India they highly regards the institution of marriage, in the one of the survey which was don e in 2013, it showed that divorce cases in India was 1.01% of the entire population (Watson, 2017). This statistics shows that these individual value marriage. The wedding customs in different cultures vary significantly based on the varying factors such as culture, social norm and even religion (Whyte, 2018). In Canada before the weeding; there is a selection or a color scheme of which some has to match everything from the bridesmaids dresses, flowers, decorations and invitations (Ravelli Webber, 2014). In most of the cases the bride family throws a party for groom which is regarded as the bachelor party. During wedding, it can take place anywhere but of the times is at church (Virdi, 2017). When looking at India, before the wedding there are rituals which are performed. The initial one is regarded as Misri-which is ring exchange ceremony (Saagar Vini, 2018). Another one is Mehendi, which takes place before the day of the wedding at the ladies only afternoon tea (Whyte, 2018). During the weeding there are Jaimala which is exchange of Garlands, and Madhupak which is offering of the yogurt and honey (Hou, Wu, Schimmele Myles, 2015). All t hese shows that the customs between these two countries varies significantly even during the wedding ceremony to celebrate the union between the couples. Conclusion In both Canada and India they treat the marriage in a different manner. The marriage practices are significant in Canada and partners are free to choose, adopt typical or choose a combination of practices. Canadians have regularly adhered to their very own practices and traditions and other instances utilized other practices. Nevertheless, the Canadian culture is not sturdy on the institution of marriage as compared to Indians. In India marriage practices have remained consistent and that has been evident from the few divorce cases which has been occurred based on the statistics. References Hou, F., Wu, Z., Schimmele, C., Myles, J. (2015). Cross-country variation in interracial marriage: a USACanada comparison of metropolitan areas. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 38(9), 1591-1609. maplediversity.ca. (2018). Leveraging the Big Fat Indo-Canadian Wedding. Retrieved from. https://maplediversity.ca/leveraging-the-big-fat-indo-canadian-wedding/ offbeatmarriage.com. (2017). Canadian Indian Intercultural Marriage: True Love Knows No Color. Retrieved from: https://offbeatmarriage.com/canadian-indian-intercultural- marriage-true-love-knows-no-color Ravelli, B., Webber, M. (2014). Exploring Sociology: The Concise Edition. Pearson Education Canada. Saagar Vini. (2018). Canadian Wedding vs. Indian Wedding. Retrieved from. https://infogram.com/canadian-wedding-vs-indian-wedding-1g6qo2qq4vgy278 Saagar Vini. (2018). Canadian Wedding vs. Indian Wedding. Retrieved from. https://infogram.com/canadian-wedding-vs-indian-wedding-1g6qo2qq4vgy278 Virdi, M. K. (2017). Marriage/breakdown amongst Punjabi-Sikhs in Canada: a legal ethnography of disputants,(un) official forums, and access to family justice in Ontario, Canada (Doctoral dissertation, SOAS University of London). Watson, S. (2017). 19 unusual wedding traditions from around the world. Retrieved from. https://www.elitesingles.ca/en/mag/find-match/wedding-traditions Whyte, M. K. (2018). Dating, mating, and marriage. Routledg